Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Rau kev lag luam uas cia siab rau distillation, nruab nrab cov lus nug yog seb nqus cov distillation yog qhov ntau dua lub zog ntau dua li cov huab cua distillation. Lo lus nug no zoo nkaus li yooj yim, tab sis nws suav nrog cov ntsiab cai lub cev ua rau lub cev, cov khoom siv xaiv, thiab txheej txheem ua kom zoo. Kab lus no yuav delve rau lub zog txuag kev ua tau zoo ntawm nqus tsev distillation
Tseem Ceeb Takaways: Nqus Vs. atmospheric Distillation
Nqus cov distillation lowers lub qhov cub npau npau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txo lub kaw lus siab, tso cai sib cais kom tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub tsawg dua. Cov ntsiab lus tau zoo ncaj qha ncaj qha ua rau muaj zog txuag nyiaj, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cua sov {} {}-}} Cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, thaum atmospheric distillation cov khoom siv yooj yim dua, nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau haus lub zog ntau dua tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, rau ntau cov ntawv thov niaj hnub, ib qho kev nqus tsev nyob hauv chav tsev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab lub zog {{{} kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm distillation
Distillation yog dab tsi? Ib tug sai dua tshiab
Distillation yog chav ua haujlwm uas cais cov khoom siv hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke raws li lawv qhov sib txawv volatorility. Thaum sib tov yog rhuab rau nws lub boiling taw tes, lub volatile cheebtsam vaporize ua ntej. Cov vapors no tau condensed rau hauv cov kua kom ua tiav kev sib cais. Hauv kev tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj, thiab kev lag luam, tshuab ua zaub mov, cov thev naus laus zis yog ubiquitous. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tsoos ib txwm (piv txwv li, atmospheric distillation) ntsib ntau cov nyom thaum ua qee cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siab thiab cov ntsiab lus npau npau
Siab yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj uas cov khoom npau npau. Raws li Clausius -} clapeyron sib npaug, raws li sab nraud siab txo qis, cov kua lub rwj qhov tseem ceeb tseem poob. Nqus tsev distillation levages lub ntsiab cai no, siv cov cuab yeej siv ua ke rau distillation kom kos cov kab ke distillation mus rau qhov tsis zoo rau hauv lub xeev tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov cua sov npau suav ntawm dej yog 100 degree, tab sis ntawm 0.01 MPa (txog 0.1 ATM), nws lub boiling point rau ib puag ncig 45 degree. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev muab qhov ua tau rau tuav qhov kub - Cov ntaub ntawv rhiab thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob.
Li casNqus tsevTxhawb Zog Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho
Txo qhov Bhaub taw qhia: cov ntsiab lus zoo dua
Nqus cov distillation muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo qis lub boiling taw tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tso cai sib cais uas ib txwm xav tau cov ntsuas kub me me kom tiav. Piv txwv li, qee qhov siab- boiling - Cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau ntau dua 200 qhov kev kub ntxhov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua Los ntawm kev siv nqus tsev distillation, tib cov khoom siv yuav tsuas yog xav tau 100℃lossis txawm tias qis dua qhov kub thiab qis dua lub zog uas yuav tsum muaj rau cua sov.
Txo cov thermal kev ntxhov siab thiab cov tswv yim siv zog
Kev ua haujlwm qis dua qhov kub tsis yog tsuas yog txuag cua sov xwb tab sis kuj txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum muaj kub kub, lub lauj kaub distillation muaj ntau dua thermal expansion thiab corrosion, uas ua rau cov khoom siv luv luv thiab tus nqi kho dua. Nqus cov distillation ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw kub qis dua, qhov chaw twg tsis xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv, zoo tswj kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke.
Txhim kho sib cais ntawm qis dua kub
Muaj qee kis, nqus distillation tsis tsuas yog txuag hluav taws xob tab sis tseem txhim kho kev sib cais. Rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus kub heev, high {1} Taug dej ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov huab cua siab yuav ua kua rau sab nraud, ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntau nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus dej, qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus boiling tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb, ua rau sib cais zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev xav tau rau cov phiaj xwm zoo dua qub.
Muab piv rau kev siv hluav taws xob: nqus vs. atmideric
Kev Kawm Kev Kawm: Ib qho txheej txheem tsoos
Txhawm rau cais cov organic huab cua nrog lub qhov cub npau npau ntawm 180 degree, peb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa cov hluav taws xob siab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj hluav taws xob daws teeb meem loj lossis cov pa hluav taws xob ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem condensing kuj yuav tsum lis siab - dej txias, thiab nws cov cua txias txias yog sib xws. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsis yog lub zog - ntshis, tab sis yog tias cov khoom siv kub {{rhiab.
Kev Kawm Kev Kawm: Ua Kom Zoo Nrog Lub Tshuab Distillation
Yog tias peb hloov cov txheej txheem saum toj no mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev distilling nrog lub zog system ntawm 0.05 MPa, cov kuab tshuaj boiling yuav poob rau 120 degree. Hauv qhov no, cov kab cua sov tsuas yog xav tau kom muaj qhov kub ntawm ib puag ncig 140 degree. Qhov kev hloov kho no yuav ua rau txuag hluav taws xob tseem ceeb. Nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab khoom siv, kev siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug txo ntawm 30% rau 50%, lossis ntau dua. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txo cov nqi ua haujlwm tab sis kuj muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam loj rau lub koom haum.
Tus nqi zais ntawm atmospheric distillation
Tus "pheej yig tus nqi" ntawm atmospheric distillation yog ib txwm muaj kev dag ntxias. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, tseem muaj cov nqi zais. Piv txwv li kub, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau hauv byproducts thiab txo cov khoom tawm thiab kev ua kom dawb huv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv kom them nyiaj los them nyiaj, ua rau muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntxiv thiab kev siv nyiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hauv lub sijhawm kho thiab hloov cov peev txheej ntev rau lub ntev- kev siv nyiaj ntawm atmospheric distillation.
Tshaj dhau lub zog: Lwm qhov zoo ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation
Ntxiv rau kev txuag nyiaj, nqus distillation muaj ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Tiv thaiv tshav kub kub -} rhiab cov tebchaw
Ntau cov khoom lag luam, xws li cov roj tseem ceeb, cov vitamins, thiab qee cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, yog qhov rhiab heev rau cov kub. Kev kub siab tuaj yeem ua rau lawv poob siab, tsis ncaj, lossis poob lawv cov kev ua haujlwm. Siv lub nqus tsev distiller tso cai rau distillation yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub nyob deb deb lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab kub, txig tiv thaiv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no. Rau cov ntawv thov no, nqus cov distillation yog yuav luag tsuas yog siv tshuab sib cais. Yog tias koj xav paub txog hom thev naus laus zis no, koj tuaj yeem kawm ntxiv txogQhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Luv Txoj Kev Luv Distillation: Muaj kev coj dawb huv, tsawg.Luv luv txoj kev distillation yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cua sov {}}}}} cov ntaub ntawv rhiab.
Txhim kho cov khoom siv purity thiab tawm los
Ntawm qhov kub qis dua, cov thermal degradation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog inhibited, uas txhais tau hais tias tiam ntawm los ntawm {}} cov khoom lag luam thiab impurities yog txo qis heev. Qhov no ncaj qha ua rau cov khoom lag luam ntau dua, thaum cov khoom txo qis kuj tseem txhim kho cov khoom lag luam tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig. Txog siab - Cov txiaj ntsig tus nqi, kev lag luam rov qab los ntawm kev txhim kho kev coj dawb huv thiab tawm tswv yim tus nqi ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog.
Qhov kev nyab xeeb: Vim li cas qis dua qhov kub
Hauv kev lag luam ntau lawm, kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub organic ntawm cov kuab huab ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo siab. Txheej txheem nqus tsev distillation yuav siv qhov chaw kub tsawg, uas txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws thiab tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, vim tias cov kab ke tsis zoo, yog tias muaj cov cua sab nraud yuav nkag mus rau hauv qhov system tsis txaus ntshai.
Tej zaum yuav txav thiab txiav txim siab
Tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev
Txawm hais tias nqus plua plav tuaj yeem txuag tau nyiaj ntau rau hauv ntev - kev ua haujlwm peev nyiaj, thawj cov khoom lag luam yog siab dua rau cov atmospheric distillation. Lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation lossis cov khoom nqus distillation, suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab tswj cov kab, muaj tus nqi ntau. Thaum txiav txim siab, cov tuam txhab uas yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas peev.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Txij Nkawm
Nqus tsev distillation systems muaj cov kev xav tau siab heev rau cov khoom ntim sealing. Yog hais tias cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, lub kaw lus yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub nqus dej uas xav tau, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv distillation. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia ntau dua, thiab kev txij nkawm kuj xav tau kev ceevfaj heev. Lub tshuab nqus tsev ib txwm tu thiab soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Thaum twg yog atmospheric distillation tseem muaj kev xaiv zoo dua?
Tsis yog txhua yam xwm txheej yog tsim nyog rau nqus tsev. Vim tias nws qhov pib qis dua, yooj yim siv, cov khoom siv yooj yim, tsis muaj cua sov {{rhiab, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov zis muaj siab. Piv txwv li, kev sib cais ncaj qha ntawm cov dej - ethanol sib tov feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom siv tshuab distillation.
Xaiv txoj cai distillation txoj kev rau koj daim ntawv thov
Kev txiav txim siab - Ua lub moj khaum
Lub moj khaum hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv thaum xaiv txoj kev distillation:
- Cov Khoom Siv Khoom:Puas yog koj cov khoom siv cua sov -} nkag siab, lossis nws puas muaj lub siab npau npau dhau?
- Cov khoom yuav tsum tau:Dab tsi yog koj qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov khoom lag luam tawm thiab muaj kev coj dawb huv?
- Kev Txiav Txim Siab:Koj qhov kev nqis peev xub thawj kam ua li cas? Yog ntev -}} tsav kev ua haujlwm nqi koj qhov kev txhawj xeeb thawj?
- Kev Nyab Xeeb Qhov:Puas yog koj cov khoom siv cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim? Muaj peev xwm tsawg - kev ua haujlwm hnyav cuam tshuam ntau dua kev pheej hmoo?
Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tuav cov yam ntxwv uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev distillation uas zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau.
Toption cov tshuaj: txiav cov khoom siv distillation distillation
Hais lus kos, raws li ib tug kws tshaj lij kev xa khoom ntawm kev kuaj thiab cov cuab yeej siv lag luam, muaj tag nrho cov tshuab nqus dej thiab nqus unistillation. Peb tsis tsuas yog muab cov tshuab nqus tsev ua haujlwm distilling kev teeb tsa, tab sis peb kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov kev daws teeb meem distillation rau koj raws koj cov kev thov tshwj xeeb.
Cov FAQ
Lub tshuab nqus tsev puas tuaj yeem txuag tau nyiaj ntawm cov nplai loj?
Yog lawm, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov loj - cov kev siv hluav taws xob, lub zog ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab nqus tsev ua rau nws txo qis kev siv nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm ntev. Txawm hais tias thawj zaug kev nqis peev yog tus nqi, nws tus nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab feem ntau qis dua li kev siv hluav taws xob, txhim kho kev kho kom zoo nkauj.
Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi uas feem ntau los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation?
Nqus cov distillation yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cua sov - Cov ntsiab lus muaj xyoob ntoo, thiab yooj yim, cov tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab, thiab qee cov pwm polomers.
Distillation puas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom kawg zoo?
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsawg kub, nqus distillation tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ib tiam ntawm los ntawm} Cov khoom, yog li cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab seb kuv cov txheej txheem xav tau lub tshuab nqus tsev?
Ua ntej, ntsuas seb puas muaj cua sov -} rhiab lossis muaj lub siab npau npau. Yog tias koj xav tau ua kev sib cais ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsawg dua li cov cua sov sov, lossis muaj cov khoom siv distillation rau lub tshuab nqus tsev yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
Nyem ntawm no mus saib cov molecular distillation video!
Hu rau tam sim no